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Programming by permutation, sometimes called "programming by accident" or "shotgunning", is an approach to software development wherein a programming problem is solved by iteratively making small changes (permutations) and testing each change to see if it behaves as desired. This approach sometimes seems attractive when the programmer does not ...
According to the first meaning of permutation, each of the six rows is a different permutation of three distinct balls. In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things: an arrangement of its members in a sequence or linear order, or; the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set. [1]
The NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [1] is a reference work maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.It defines a large number of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.
In formal language theory and computer science, a substring is a contiguous sequence of characters within a string. [citation needed] For instance, "the best of" is a substring of "It was the best of times". In contrast, "Itwastimes" is a subsequence of "It was the best of times", but not a substring. Prefixes and suffixes are special cases of ...
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
In a 1977 review of permutation-generating algorithms, Robert Sedgewick concluded that it was at that time the most effective algorithm for generating permutations by computer. [2] The sequence of permutations of n objects generated by Heap's algorithm is the beginning of the sequence of permutations of n+1 objects.
We prove the recurrence relation using the definition of Stirling numbers in terms of permutations with a given number of cycles (or equivalently, orbits). Consider forming a permutation of + objects from a permutation of objects by adding a distinguished object. There are exactly two ways in which this can be accomplished.
This motivates the following general definition: For a string s over an alphabet Σ, let shift(s) denote the set of circular shifts of s, and for a set L of strings, let shift(L) denote the set of all circular shifts of strings in L. If L is a cyclic code, then shift(L) ⊆ L; this is a necessary condition for L being a cyclic language.