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This was a major argument in favor of the eight-legged essay, arguing that it were better to eliminate creative art in favor of prosaic literacy. In the history of Chinese literature, the eight-legged essay is often accused by later Chinese critics to have caused China's "cultural stagnation and economic backwardness" in the 19th century. [1] [2]
The Three Obediences and Four Virtues (Chinese: 三 從 四 德; pinyin: Sāncóng Sìdé; Vietnamese: Tam tòng, tứ đức) is a set of moral principles and social code of behavior for maiden and married women in East Asian Confucianism, especially in ancient and imperial China. Women were to obey their fathers, husbands, and sons, and to be ...
The Huainanzi is an eclectic compilation of chapters or essays that range across topics of religion, history, astronomy, geography, philosophy, science, metaphysics, nature, and politics. It discusses many pre-Han schools of thought , especially the Huang–Lao form of religious Daoism, and contains more than 800 quotations from Chinese classics.
The Confucian works in particular have been of high importance to Chinese culture and history, as a set of works known as the Four Books and Five Classics were, in the 12th century AD, chosen as the basis for the Imperial examination for any government post. These nine books therefore became the center of the educational system.
In rejecting wholesale Westernization the essay “demands a place for Chinese cultural values on the world stage.” [4] The essay declares a new, proper manner in which to pursue the study of Sinology and explains Chinese culture from an experience viewpoint instead of an academic one.
Sinocentrism refers to a worldview that China is the cultural, political, or economic center of the world. [1] Sinocentrism was a core concept in various Chinese dynasties. The Chinese considered themselves to be "all-under-Heaven", ruled by the emperor, known as Son of Heaven. Those that lived outside of the Huaxia were regarded as "barbarians".
In China, this technique is called qǐchéngzhuǎnhé (起承轉合).It was used in Chinese poetry in styles of four-line composition, such as Qijue.Qichengzhuanhe has been speculated to have originated with Li Bai during the Tang Dynasty, but this would predate the time period from the first mention of this form. [1]
The Romantic Generation of Modern Chinese Writers. Harvard University Press, 1973. Levan, Valerie. “The Meaning of Foreign Text in Yu Dafu’s “Sinking” Collection”. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, 2012. Ng, Janet. Autobiography in Modern Chinese Literature (1911-1950): Forms of Literary Expression of the Self in Society. 1993 ...