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The acetylation prevents chloramphenicol from binding to the ribosome. Resistance-conferring mutations of the 50S ribosomal subunit are rare. [medical citation needed] Chloramphenicol resistance may be carried on a plasmid that also codes for resistance to other drugs.
Abbreviations are defined as the phagemid origin (f1 origin), chloramphenicol resistance (CmR), plasmid origin (p15A ori), araC gene (araC), araC operator sites (araC O2 and O1), CAP-binding site (CAP BS), araC inducer sites (I1/I2), PBAD promoter (pBAD) and the multiple cloning site (MCS).
A well-known member of this antibiotic class, chloramphenicol, acts by inhibiting peptide bond formation, with recent 3D-structural studies showing two different binding sites depending on the species of ribosome. Numerous mutations in domains of the 23S rRNA with Peptidyl transferase activity have resulted in antibiotic resistance.
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme (EC 2.3.1.28) [1] that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. [2] This enzyme covalently attaches an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to chloramphenicol, which prevents chloramphenicol from binding to ribosomes .
Resistance mutations are mutations producing a resistant phenotype. These include: Resistance (disambiguation) § Botany and horticulture;
Site-directed mutagenesis is used to generate mutations that may produce a rationally designed protein that has improved or special properties (i.e.protein engineering). Investigative tools – specific mutations in DNA allow the function and properties of a DNA sequence or a protein to be investigated in a rational approach. Furthermore ...
The antibiotic resistance genes found on the plasmids confer resistance to most of the antibiotic classes used nowadays, for example, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. [ 10 ] It is very common for the resistance genes or entire resistance cassettes to be re-arranged on the same plasmid or be moved to a different plasmid or ...
When referring to the gene product or phenotype, the mnemonic is first-letter capitalised and not italicized (e.g. DnaA – the protein produced by the dnaA gene; LeuA − – the phenotype of a leuA mutant; Amp R – the ampicillin-resistance phenotype of the β-lactamase gene bla).