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The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, lit. 'Food and Drug Supervisory Agency'), Badan POM/BPOM, or Indonesian FDA is a government agency of Indonesia responsible for protecting public health through the control and supervision of prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medication), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, dietary supplements ...
The first advance market commitment was launched in 2009 by GAVI, the World bank, WHO, UNICEF, five national governments, and the Gates Foundation. [9] It targeted pneumococcal disease. According to a 2005 WHO estimate, at that time, pneumococcal disease killed 1.6 million people every year, mostly in the Global South. [10]
Tiens entered the international market in 1997. [4] The company's initial product offerings included traditional Chinese medicinal products, calcium tablets , and instant coffee . In 2008, they reported having 12 million MLM distributors worldwide, including more than 40,000 in Germany, [ 5 ] and 40 million customers, [ 6 ] mostly in Russia ...
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may ...
JEL: L1 – Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance [17] JEL: L2 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior [18] JEL: L3 – Non-profit organizations and Public enterprise [19] JEL: L4 – Antitrust Issues and Policies [20] JEL: L5 – Regulation and Industrial policy [21] JEL: L6 – Industry Studies: Manufacturing [22]
[23] also the according to market research community the Global Generic Drugs Market was evaluated US$465.96 million in 2021 and is expected to rise with a CAGR of 5.5% from 2022- 2028 during the forecast period. [24] In the United Kingdom, generic drug pricing is controlled by the government's reimbursement rate.
Contestable markets are characterized by "hit and run" competition; if a firm in a contestable market raises its prices so as to begin to earn excess profits, potential rivals will enter the market, hoping to exploit the high price for easy profit. When the original incumbent firm(s) respond by returning prices to levels consistent with normal ...
The roots of Hero Supermarket could be traced back to 1954, where a 19-year old Muhammad Saleh Kurnia started "CV Hero" with his brother, Wuo Guo Chang. 5 years later, his brother quit, and Kurnia had to continue the business himself.