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The rocket is launched using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. Rocket propellant is used as reaction mass ejected from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the propellants themselves, as with a chemical rocket, or from an external source, as with ion engines.
The V-2 used an alcohol/LOX liquid-propellant engine, with hydrogen peroxide to drive the fuel pumps. [7]: 9 The alcohol was mixed with water for engine cooling. Both Germany and the United States developed reusable liquid-propellant rocket engines that used a storeable liquid oxidizer with much greater density than LOX and a liquid fuel that ...
Nitrous oxide fuel blend propellants are a class of liquid rocket propellants that were intended in the early 2010s to be able to replace hydrazine as the standard storable rocket propellent in some applications. In nitrous-oxide fuel blends, the fuel and oxidizer are blended and stored; this is sometimes referred to as a mixed monopropellant.
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder. This provides manufacturing ...
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (abbreviated as UDMH; also known as 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, heptyl or Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 NN(CH 3) 2 that is primarily used as a rocket propellant. [4] At room temperature, UDMH is a colorless liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammonia-like smell typical of organic amines.
Liquid rocket engines have tankage and pipes to store and transfer propellant, an injector system and one or more combustion chambers with associated nozzles.. Typical liquid propellants have densities roughly similar to water, approximately 0.7 to 1.4 g/cm 3 (0.025 to 0.051 lb/cu in).
A monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant. [1] Monopropellant rockets are commonly used as small attitude and trajectory control rockets in satellites, rocket upper stages, crewed spacecraft, and spaceplanes. [2]
For example, in a simple hydrogen/oxygen engine, hydrogen is burned (oxidized) to create H 2 O and the energy from the chemical reaction is used to expel the water (steam) to provide thrust. Often in chemical rocket engines, a higher molecular mass substance is included in the fuel to provide more reaction mass.