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For example, assume that your random number source gives numbers from 0 to 99 (as was the case for Fisher and Yates' original tables), which is 100 values, and that you wish to obtain an unbiased random number from 0 to 15 (16 values). If you simply divide the numbers by 16 and take the remainder, you will find that the numbers 0–3 occur ...
List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
Dimensional analysis may be used as a sanity check of physical equations: the two sides of any equation must be commensurable or have the same dimensions. A person who has calculated the power output of a car to be 700 kJ may have omitted a factor, since the unit joules is a measure of energy, not power (energy per unit time).
The tables below list all of the divisors of the numbers 1 to 1000. A divisor of an integer n is an integer m , for which n / m is again an integer (which is necessarily also a divisor of n ). For example, 3 is a divisor of 21, since 21/7 = 3 (and therefore 7 is also a divisor of 21).
To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division: checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2, 3, 5, and so on, up to the square root of n. For larger numbers, especially when using a computer, various more sophisticated factorization algorithms are more efficient.
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime.Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography.Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.
If m is a power of 2, then a − 1 should be divisible by 4 but not divisible by 8, i.e. a ≡ 5 (mod 8). [ 1 ] : §3.2.1.3 Indeed, most multipliers produce a sequence which fails one test for non-randomness or another, and finding a multiplier which is satisfactory to all applicable criteria [ 1 ] : §3.3.3 is quite challenging. [ 8 ]
In mathematics, a square-free integer (or squarefree integer) is an integer which is divisible by no square number other than 1. That is, its prime factorization has exactly one factor for each prime that appears in it. For example, 10 = 2 ⋅ 5 is square-free, but 18 = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 is not, because 18 is divisible by 9 = 3 2. The smallest ...