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The material was rarely used for the columns, as the cast was both stronger under compression and cheaper, so a typical iron frame building in the second half of the 19th century had cast iron columns and wrought iron beams. Columns at the Crystal Palace (1851), as well as short trusses, were made from the cast iron, while longer beams used ...
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" that is visible when it is etched, rusted, or bent to failure.
Early gallery designs were inspired by wrought-iron balcony railings, featuring patterns like the cathedral arch and scrollwork. Cast iron posts were used to support the extended galleries. A surviving example can still be observed at 529–531 Governor Nicholls Street. [13] Highly ornate multi-story cast-iron galleries appeared in the 1850s.
Cast iron was also used as the principle support structure for seaside piers, with multiple slender columns able to support long decks of wrought iron and wood, and later large halls and pavilions; engineer Eugenius Birch built the first, Margate Pier in 1855, followed by at least 14 piers in Britain in the 1860s–80s, and many more in Europe.
A Lally column is a round or square thin-walled structural steel column filled with concrete, [1] and oriented vertically to provide support to beams or timbers stretching over long spans. Lally columns are an engineered component and as such must be installed exactly as the design engineer specified.
Cast iron is a brittle form of iron which is weaker in tension than in compression. It has a relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability and wear resistance. Though almost entirely replaced by steel in building structures, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications ...