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Jerusalem becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah and, according to the Bible, for the first few decades even of a wider united kingdom of Judah and Israel, under kings belonging to the House of David. c. 1010 BCE: biblical King David attacks and captures Jerusalem. Jerusalem becomes City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel ...
More than half a century after the capture of Jerusalem, in 691, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of the Dome of the Rock over a large outcropping of bedrock on the Temple Mount. The 10th-century historian al-Maqdisi wrote that Abd al-Malik built the shrine in order to compete in grandeur with the city's Christian ...
As the highest-ranking lord remaining in Jerusalem, according to the chronicler Ibn al-Athir, Balian was seen by the Muslims as holding a rank "more or less equal to that of a king." [5] Balian found the situation in Jerusalem dire. The city was filled with refugees fleeing Saladin's conquests, with more arriving daily.
The timeline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem presents important events in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem—a Crusader state in modern-day Israel and Jordan—in chronological order. The kingdom was established after the First Crusade in 1099, although its first ruler Godfrey of Bouillon did not take the title of king.
Conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders (13th- or 14th-century miniature) The Crusaders conquered the city in 1099 and held it until its conquest by the army of Saladin at the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its surrender to the Ayyubid dynasty, a Muslim sultanate that ruled in the Middle East in the early 12th century. [3]
Meanwhile, in Italy, the Pope used Frederick's excommunication as an excuse to invade his Italian territories; the papal armies were led by Frederick's former father-in-law John of Brienne. Frederick was forced to return home in 1229, leaving the Holy Land not in triumph, but showered with offal by the citizens of Acre. [82]
Richard Coeur De Lion On His Way To Jerusalem, by James William Glass, ca. 1850. 1188. January. Henry II of England and Philip II of France take the cross at Gisors. [13] [14] 11 February. In order to finance the crusade, the Saladin tithe is begun in England. [15] 27 March. Frederick Barbarossa takes the cross at the Curia Christi held in ...
In 1517, Jerusalem and its environs fell to the Ottoman Turks, who would maintain control of the city until the 20th century. [14] Although the Europeans no longer controlled any territory in the Holy Land, Christian presence including Europeans remained in Jerusalem.