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In particular, Schwinger developed the source theory, [9] a phenomenological theory for the physics of elementary particles, which is a predecessor of the modern effective field theory. It treats quantum fields as long-distance phenomena and uses auxiliary 'sources' that resemble currents in classical field theories.
The Schwinger's quantum action principle is a variational approach to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. [1] [2] This theory was introduced by Julian Schwinger in a series of articles starting 1950. [3]
In physics, the Schwinger model, named after Julian Schwinger, is the model [1] describing 1+1D (1 spatial dimension + time) Lorentzian quantum electrodynamics which includes electrons, coupled to photons. The model defines the usual QED Lagrangian
The effect was originally proposed by Fritz Sauter in 1931 [1] and further important work was carried out by Werner Heisenberg and Hans Heinrich Euler in 1936, [2] though it was not until 1951 that Julian Schwinger gave a complete theoretical description. [3] The Schwinger effect can be thought of as vacuum decay in the presence of an electric ...
Therefore, the source appears in the vacuum amplitude acting from both sides on the Green's function correlator of the theory. [1] Schwinger's source theory stems from Schwinger's quantum action principle and can be related to the path integral formulation as the variation with respect to the source per se corresponds to the field , i.e. [6]
The notion of mutually unbiased bases was first introduced by Julian Schwinger in 1960, [1] and the first person to consider applications of mutually unbiased bases was I. D. Ivanovic [2] in the problem of quantum state determination.
A proof by Julian Schwinger in 1950 based on time-reversal invariance [11] followed a proof by Frederik Belinfante in 1940 based on charge-conjugation invariance, leading to a connection to the CPT theorem more fully developed by Pauli in 1955. [12] These proofs were notably difficult to follow. [5]: 393
The CPT theorem appeared for the first time, implicitly, in the work of Julian Schwinger in 1951 to prove the connection between spin and statistics. [3] In 1954, Gerhart Lüders and Wolfgang Pauli derived more explicit proofs, [4] [5] so this theorem is sometimes known as the Lüders–Pauli theorem.