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The rotation is completely specified by specifying the axis planes and the angles of rotation about them. Without loss of generality, these axis planes may be chosen to be the uz - and xy-planes of a Cartesian coordinate system, allowing a simpler visualization of the rotation. In 4D space, the Hopf angles {ξ 1, η, ξ 2} parameterize the 3 ...
In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix For example, using the convention below, the matrix
If a rotation of Minkowski space is in a space-like plane, then this rotation is the same as a spatial rotation in Euclidean space. By contrast, a rotation in a plane spanned by a space-like dimension and a time-like dimension is a hyperbolic rotation, and if this plane contains the time axis of the reference frame, is called a "Lorentz boost ...
The rotation group generalizes quite naturally to n-dimensional Euclidean space, with its standard Euclidean structure. The group of all proper and improper rotations in n dimensions is called the orthogonal group O( n ), and the subgroup of proper rotations is called the special orthogonal group SO( n ), which is a Lie group of dimension n ( n ...
Rotation formalisms are focused on proper (orientation-preserving) motions of the Euclidean space with one fixed point, that a rotation refers to.Although physical motions with a fixed point are an important case (such as ones described in the center-of-mass frame, or motions of a joint), this approach creates a knowledge about all motions.
In geometry, a Euclidean plane isometry is an isometry of the Euclidean plane, or more informally, a way of transforming the plane that preserves geometrical properties such as length. There are four types: translations , rotations , reflections , and glide reflections (see below § Classification ).
Euclidean space was introduced by ancient Greeks as an abstraction of our physical space. Their great innovation, appearing in Euclid's Elements was to build and prove all geometry by starting from a few very basic properties, which are abstracted from the physical world, and cannot be mathematically proved because of the lack of more basic tools.
This shows that the rotation matrix and the axis–angle format are related by the exponential function. One can derive a simple expression for the generator G. One starts with an arbitrary plane (in Euclidean space) defined by a pair of perpendicular unit vectors a and b. In this plane one can choose an arbitrary vector x with perpendicular y.