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Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. [1] The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind and brain; that is, the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend, and produce language.
Reading is an area that has been extensively studied via the computational model system. The dual-route cascaded model (DRC) was developed to understand the dual-route to reading in humans. [14] Some commonalities between human reading and the DRC model are: [5] Frequently occurring words are read aloud faster than non-frequently occurring words.
Subvocalization, or silent speech, is the internal speech typically made when reading; it provides the sound of the word as it is read. [1] [2] This is a natural process when reading, and it helps the mind to access meanings to comprehend and remember what is read, potentially reducing cognitive load.
In the field of psychology, automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or a habit. When reading is automatic, precious working memory resources can be devoted to considering the meaning of a text, etc.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Speakers usually don't leave pauses in between words when speaking, [citation needed] yet listeners seem to have no difficulty hearing speech as a sequence of words. This is known as the segmentation problem, and is one of the oldest problems in the psychology of language. TRACE proposed the following solution, backed up by simulations.
Speech errors are made on an occasional basis by all speakers. [1] They occur more often when speakers are nervous, tired, anxious or intoxicated. [1] During live broadcasts on TV or on the radio, for example, nonprofessional speakers and even hosts often make speech errors because they are under stress. [1]
John Downing (1922–1987) was a British educational psychologist who started his career as a teacher then worked as an academic from 1960 until his death in 1987. He published over 300 academic papers in his 27-year academic career, specialising in both how children read and how they learn to read.