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Histidine ball and stick model spinning. Histidine (symbol His or H) [2] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH 3 + form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO − form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially ...
This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets.It is known that HRG binds heme, dyes, and divalent metal ions and it is thought to have multiple roles in the human blood, including roles in immunity, angiogenesis and coagulation. [15]
The enzyme histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22, HDC) is transcribed on chromosome 15, region q21.1-21.2, and catalyzes the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine. In mammals, histamine is an important biogenic amine with regulatory roles in neurotransmission , gastric acid secretion and immune response .
Mast cells are especially numerous at sites of potential injury – the nose, mouth, and feet, internal body surfaces, and blood vessels. Non-mast cell histamine is found in several tissues, including the hypothalamus region of the brain , where it functions as a neurotransmitter.
Fetal hemoglobin, or foetal haemoglobin (also hemoglobin F, HbF, or α 2 γ 2) is the main oxygen carrier protein in the human fetus.Hemoglobin F is found in fetal red blood cells, and is involved in transporting oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to organs and tissues in the fetus.
When blood glucose levels are high, glucose molecules attach to the hemoglobin in red blood cells. The longer hyperglycemia occurs in blood, the more glucose binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and the higher the glycated hemoglobin. [17] Once a hemoglobin molecule is glycated, it remains that way.
Hemoglobin S (α 2 β S 2) – A variant form of hemoglobin found in people with sickle cell disease. There is a variation in the β-chain gene, causing a change in the properties of hemoglobin, which results in sickling of red blood cells. Hemoglobin C (α 2 β C 2) – Another variant due to a variation in the β-chain gene.
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. [citation needed] Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. [1] Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver [2] from beta-alanine and histidine.