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The protected areas of Nepal cover mainly forested land and are located at various altitudes in the Terai, in the foothills of the Himalayas and in the mountains, thus encompassing a multitude of landscapes and preserving a vast biodiversity in the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms.
The Api-Nampa Conservation Area is a protected area in the western Nepal that was established in 2010. It has an area of 1,903 km 2 (735 sq mi). [ 1 ] It ranges in elevation from 518 to 7,132 m (1,699 to 23,399 ft) at the Himalayan peak Api , and is part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape.
Gaurishankar Conservation Area is a protected area in the Himalayas of Nepal that was established in January 2010, covering 2,179 km 2 (841 sq mi) in the Ramechhap, Dolakha and Sindhupalchok districts and encompassing 22 Village Development Committees. It is contiguous with Tibet in the north and a part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape.
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In 1973, the area was gazetted as Royal Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve, initially comprising 155 km 2 (60 sq mi), and extended to its present size in the late 1980s. [3] A buffer zone of 243.5 km 2 (94.0 sq mi) was added in May 2004. [4] In 2017, the status of the protected area was changed to a national park. [5]
The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a protected area in the Terai of eastern Nepal covering 176 km 2 (68 sq mi) of wetlands in the Sunsari, Saptari and Udayapur Districts.It comprises extensive reed beds and freshwater marshes in the floodplain of the Kosi River, and ranges in elevation from 75 to 81 m (246 to 266 ft).
It is assigned with the responsibilities of conserving the wildlife of Nepal. It is furthermore responsible for managing the protected areas of Nepal, including national parks and conservation areas. The department is also part of the REDD+ Group. [4]
The area has always been an important water catchment area, supplying the Kathmandu Valley with several hundred thousand cubic liter of water daily. In 1976, the area was established as a protected watershed and wildlife reserve. In 2002, it was gazetted as Shivapuri National Park, initially covering 144 km 2 (56 sq mi). [1]