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Lares Domestici: Lares of the house, they were probably identical with Lares Familiares. Lares Familiares: Lares of the family, probably identical with the Lares Domestici; Lares Grundules: the 30 "grunting Lares" or Lares of the eaves, supposedly were given an altar and cult by Romulus or Aeneas when a sow produced a prodigious farrow of 30 ...
Lares Familiares are guardian household deities and tutelary deities in ancient Roman religion. The singular form is Lar Familiaris. Lares were thought to influence all that occurred within their sphere of influence or location. In well-regulated, traditional Roman households, the household Lar or Lares were given daily cult and food-offerings ...
O: Two jugate heads of Di Penates Publici D · P · P R: Soldiers with spears pointing at lying sow C·SV(LP)ICI·C·F Reverse depicts scene from Aeneid.According to the prophecy, in the place where a white sow casts 30 piglets under an oak tree, a new city shall be built (); also, a new city called after the white sow shall be built by Ascanius 30 years later ().
In 392 AD with the final victory of Christianity Theodosius I declared the veneration of the genii, Lares and Penates to be treason, ending their official terms. [16] The concept, however, continued in representation and speech under different names or with accepted modifications.
Aeneas and the Penates, from a 4th-century manuscript. Penates or Di Penates, household gods. Picumnus, minor god of fertility, agriculture, matrimony, infants and children. Picus, Italic woodpecker god with oracular powers. Pietas, goddess of duty; personification of the Roman virtue pietas.
They were associated with the Lares, Lemures, Genii, and Di Penates as deities that pertained to domestic, local, and personal cult. They belonged broadly to the category of di inferi, "those who dwell below", [1] the undifferentiated collective of divine dead. [2]
Each Roman home had a set of protective deities: the Lar or Lares of the household or familia, whose shrine was a lararium; the Penates who guarded the storeroom (penus) of the innermost part of the house; Vesta, whose sacred site in each house was the hearth; and the Genius of the paterfamilias, the head of household. [18]
The domestic responsibilities of the pater familias included his priestly duties (sacra familiae) to his "household gods" (the Lares and Penates) and the ancestral gods of his own gens. [9] The latter were represented by the di parentes as ancestral shades of the departed, and by the genius cult.