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In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events.
Direct realism, also known as naïve realism, argues we perceive the world directly. In the philosophy of perception and philosophy of mind, direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, are differing models that describe the nature of conscious experiences; [1] [2] out of the metaphysical question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself ...
Many philosophers claim that it is incompatible to accept naïve realism in the philosophy of perception and scientific realism in the philosophy of science.Scientific realism states that the universe contains just those properties that feature in a scientific description of it, which would mean that secondary qualities like color are not real per se, and that all that exists are certain ...
Consensus reality refers to the generally agreed-upon version of reality within a community or society, shaped by shared experiences and understandings. [1] This understanding arises from the inherent differences in individual perspectives or subjectivities relating to knowledge or ontology , leading to uncertainties about what is real.
The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of perceptual experience and the status of perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world. [1] Any explicit account of perception requires a commitment to one of a variety of ontological or metaphysical views.
Broadly defined as "the representation of reality", [2] realism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, as well as implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. Realism has been prevalent in the arts at many periods, and is in large part a matter of technique ...
Appearance and Reality (1893; second edition 1897) [1] is a book by the English philosopher Francis Herbert Bradley, in which the author, influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, argues that things like qualities and relations, space and time, matter and motion, selves and bodies, and activity and change, are all contradictory and unreal appearances.
John Locke. The primary–secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality.It is most explicitly articulated by John Locke in his Essay concerning Human Understanding, [1] but earlier thinkers such as Galileo and Descartes made similar distinctions.