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For Jains, vegetarianism is mandatory. In 2021 it was found that 92% of self-identified Jains in India adhered to some type of vegetarian diet and another 5% seem to try to follow a mostly vegetarian diet by abstaining from eating certain kinds of meat and/or abstaining from eating meat on specific days. [16]
Sallekhanā is the last vow prescribed by the Jain ethical code of conduct. The vow of sallekhanā is observed by the Jain ascetics and lay votaries at the end of their life by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids. [9] [10] [2] This practice has been subject to ongoing debate by human rights experts. [2]
Sallekhana (IAST: sallekhanā), also known as samlehna, santhara, samadhi-marana or sanyasana-marana, [1] is a supplementary vow to the ethical code of conduct of Jainism.It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids. [2]
Jainism is perhaps the only religion in the world that requires all its adherents to follow a strict vegetarian diet. [32] Vegetarian food that also involves more harm to the living beings such as roots, bulbs, multi seeded vegetables etc. are avoided by strict Jains. The importance of ahimsa manifests in many other ways in the daily life of Jains.
Several Jain texts including Tattvarthsutra mentions the six external austerities that can be performed: [27] 'Fasting' to promote self-control and discipline, destruction of attachment. 'Diminished diet' is intended to develop vigilance in self-control, suppression of evils, contentment and study with ease.
The religion of Jains included women in their fourfold sangha; the religious order of Jain laymen, laywomen, monks and nuns. [18] There was a disagreement between early Hinduism, and ascetic movements such as Jainism with the scriptural access to women. [ 18 ]
Saman Suttam Information Religion Jainism Period 1974 Part of a series on Jainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra Ethics Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non ...
Chitrabhanu argued that Jainism is more of an ethical philosophy than a religion and that Jains do not eat meat or eggs as they have reverence for life. [17] His wife Pramoda cooked all of his food and offered vegetarian cooking classes.