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A body, or a meeting or vote of it, is quorate if a quorum is present (or casts valid votes). The term quorum is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace , derived from Latin quorum , "of whom", genitive plural of qui , " who ". [ 3 ]
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML. Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large ...
For practical purposes, a quorum call is a delaying measure that permits the Senate leadership to work out some difficulty or to await a Senator's arrival. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Because of differences in procedure between the two bodies, quorum calls in the House are fairly rare, but they are quite common in the Senate.
The quorum-based voting for replica control is due to [Gifford, 1979]. [3] Each copy of a replicated data item is assigned a vote. Each operation then has to obtain a read quorum (V r) or a write quorum (V w) to read or write a data item, respectively. If a given data item has a total of V votes, the quorums have to obey the following rules:
In these sessions, if it is not fully attended by members, it must at least achieve a quorum. [3] Likewise, in the General Assembly of the United Nations , a Plenary Meeting requires minimum number of members to continue its procedures; and the same may apply to other groups depending on their charter or bylaws .
Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by "suggesting the absence of a quorum"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request ...
An agenda lists the items of business to be taken up during a meeting or session. [3] It may also be called a "calendar". [4] A meeting agenda may be headed with the date, time and location of the meeting, followed by a series of points outlining the order in which the business is to be conducted.
In the various types of legislative assemblies (comitia) of the Roman Republic, the voting was preceded by a contio (public meeting at which issues or candidates were presented). After the presiding magistrate called an end to this, citizens were dispersed into roped-off areas and were called forth in groups across raised gangways.