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A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Pressures of up to 5,000 psig are commonly produced by multistage reciprocating compressors.
The industrial compressor overload is a capacity limit and requires high power levels to pass the high flow rates required. [31] Excess power is available to inadvertently take the compressor beyond the overload limit to a hazardous condition on cold days if it is driven by a gas turbine.
Surging takes place when compressor is operated off the design point and it affects the whole machine and this is aerodynamically and mechanically undesirable. It can damage the rotor bearings, rotor seals, compressor driver and affect the whole cycle operation. It results in high temperature, high vibration and leads to flow reversal. [4] [11 ...
It offers higher efficiency than reciprocating compressors due to less losses from the clearance volume between the piston and the compressor casing, it's 40% to 50% smaller and lighter for a given capacity (which can impact material and shipping costs when used in a product), causes less vibration, has fewer components and is more reliable ...
In most low-speed and low-pressure cases, rotating stall comes prior to compressor surge; [8] [9] however, a general cause-effect relation between rotating stall and compressor surge has not been determined yet. [6] On a constant speed line of a compressor, the mass flow rate decreases as the pressure delivered by the compressor gets higher.
In a reciprocating compressor, this can be achieved by using a finned piston [10] and low cycle speeds. [11] Current [when?] challenges in effective heat exchangers mean that they are only practical for low power levels. The theoretical efficiency of isothermal energy storage approaches 100% for perfect heat transfer to the environment.