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A cooperative game is given by specifying a value for every coalition. Formally, the coalitional game consists of a finite set of players , called the grand coalition, and a characteristic function: [4] from the set of all possible coalitions of players to a set of payments that satisfies () =.
The Second Rutte cabinet, a grand coalition cabinet which can also be described as a purple coalition, was composed of the VVD and the PvdA. A more traditional grand coalition cabinet was the Third Lubbers cabinet, comprising the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the PvdA.
The core is, by definition, the set of all imputations in which the excess of each coalition is at least 0. Therefore, if the core is non-empty, the nucleolus is in the core. When the core is empty, it is natural to consider an approximation: the ε-core is the set of all imputations in which the excess of each coalition is at least -ε.
Consider a transferable utility cooperative game (,) where denotes the set of players and is the characteristic function.An imputation is dominated by another imputation if there exists a coalition , such that each player in weakly-prefers (for all ) and there exists that strictly-prefers (<), and can enforce by threatening to leave the grand coalition to form (()).
In Germany, every administration has been a multiparty coalition since the conclusion of the Second World War – an example of coalition government creation in a parliamentary system. When different winning coalitions can be formed in a parliament, the party composition of the government may depend on the bargaining power of each party and the ...
In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken. For the purposes of this list, coalitions can come in two forms.
Grand coalition (German: Große Koalition, pronounced [ˈɡʁoːsə koaliˈt͡si̯oːn] ⓘ, shortened to: German: Groko, pronounced [ˈɡʁoːkoː] ⓘ) is a nickname in German politics describing a governing coalition of the parties Christian Democratic Union (CDU) along with its sister party the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD), [1] [2] since ...
In sociology and in political science, the term "the establishment" describes the dominant social group, the elite who control a polity, an organization, or an institution. In the praxis of wealth and power , the Establishment usually is a self-selecting, closed elite entrenched within specific institutions — hence, a relatively small social ...