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Clonus results due to an increased motor neuron excitation (decreased action potential threshold) and is common in muscles with long conduction delays, such as the long reflex tracts found in distal muscle groups. [1] Clonus is commonly seen in the ankle but may exist in other distal structures as well. [2]
Clonus results due to an increased motor neuron excitation (decreased action potential threshold) and is common in muscles with long conduction delays, such as the long reflex tracts found in distal muscle groups. [7] Clonus is commonly seen in the ankle but may exist in other distal structures as well, such as the knee or spine. [8]
The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed.It is a type of stretch reflex that tests the function of the gastrocnemius muscle and the nerve that supplies it.
A person with spastic CP will commonly show, in addition to higher muscle tone, persistent primitive reflexes, greater stretch reflexes, plantar reflex, and ankle clonus. [10] A third of people with cerebral palsy have seizures - this is most common in spastic CP. [11] Audiovisual, cognitive compromise and behavioral disorders can occur.
Changes in muscle performance can be broadly described as the upper motor neuron syndrome. These changes vary depending on the site and the extent of the lesion, and may include: Muscle weakness. [2] known as 'pyramidal weakness' Sloth sign. Decreased control of active movement, particularly slowness; Spasticity, a velocity-dependent change in ...
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching of a muscle, a joint, or a group of muscles, different from clonus, which is rhythmic or regular. Myoclonus ( myo- "muscle", clonus "spasm") describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease .
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A stretch reflex is the contraction of a muscle in response to its lengthwise stretch. Biceps reflex (C5, C6) Brachioradialis reflex (C5, C6, C7) Extensor digitorum reflex (C6, C7) Triceps reflex (C6, C7, C8) Patellar reflex or knee-jerk reflex (L2, L3, L4) Ankle jerk reflex (Achilles reflex) (S1, S2)