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The NTE cap is set at 1.25 times the FTP emission limit as described in the subsection above. For 2005 model year heavy-duty engines, the NTE emission cap for NMHC plus NOx is 1.25 times 2.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour, or 3.125 grams per brake horsepower-hour. The basic NTE control area for diesel engines has three basic boundaries on the ...
2), and water (H 2 O). A reductant, typically anhydrous ammonia (NH 3), aqueous ammonia (NH 4 OH), or a urea (CO(NH 2) 2) solution, is added to a stream of flue or exhaust gas and is reacted onto a catalyst. As the reaction drives toward completion, nitrogen (N 2), and carbon dioxide (CO 2), in the case of urea use, are produced. Selective ...
NO 2 + O 3 → NO 3 + O 2. During the daytime, NO 3 is quickly photolyzed back to NO 2, but at night it can react with a second NO 2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide. NO 2 + NO 3 (+M) → N 2 O 5 (+M). N 2 O 5 reacts rapidly with liquid water (in aerosol particles or cloud drops, but not in the gas phase) to form HNO 3, N 2 O 5 + H 2 O (liq) → 2 ...
A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.
In a gasoline engine, NO is the most common form of NO x at around 93%, while NO 2 is around 5% and the rest is N 2 O. There are other forms of NO x such as N 2 O 4 (the dimer of NO 2), which only exists at lower temperatures, and N 2 O 5, for example. [1] Meanwhile, for diesel engines, the emissions situation is different.
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines. The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.
[2] In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust displaces some amount of combustible charge in the cylinder, effectively reducing the quantity of charge available for combustion without affecting the air-fuel ratio. In a diesel engine, the exhaust gas replaces some of the excess oxygen in the pre-combustion mixture. [3]
Calculation of Emissions from Road Transport; Compilation of an emission inventory; Calculation for different vehicle categories (passenger cars, light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, mopeds and motorcycles) Pollutants covered: major air pollutants (CO, NOx, VOC, PM, NH 3, SO 2, heavy metals) greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4)