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2. Aldose reductase inhibitor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldose_reductase_inhibitor

   Aldose reductase activity increases as the glucose concentration rises in diabetes in those tissues that are not insulin sensitive, which include the lenses, peripheral nerves, and glomerulus. Sorbitol does not diffuse through cell membranes easily and therefore accumulates, causing osmotic damage which leads to retinopathy and neuropathy.

3. Diabetes medication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication

   Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Treatments include agents that (1) increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, (3) decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) increase the loss of glucose through urination.

4. Tirzepatide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirzepatide

   Tirzepatide was approved for treatment of diabetes in the United States in May 2022, [9] [13] in the European Union in September 2022, [11] in Canada in November 2022, [19] and in Australia in December 2022. [2] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-glucosidase_inhibitor

   In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors use has not been officially approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US but some data exists on the effectiveness in this population, showing potential benefits weighted against an increased risk of hypoglycemia. [18]

6. Amide reduction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide_reduction

   Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group. [1] [2] Catalytic hydrogenation

7. Conventional insulin therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_insulin_therapy

   Conventional insulin therapy is characterized by: Insulin injections of a mixture of regular (or rapid) and intermediate acting insulin are performed two times a day, or to improve overnight glucose, mixed in the morning to cover breakfast and lunch, but with regular (or rapid) acting insulin alone for dinner and intermediate acting insulin at bedtime (instead of being mixed in at dinner).