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C. herbarum needs an opening to infect its host, so cultural controls that prevent kernels from getting wounded would prevent infection of new plants. Insecticides can be used timely to chemically control corn earworms and European corn borers that damage kernels, allowing for inoculum to get inside. [4]
This ear of corn has been infected with Mycosarcoma maydis. The fungus infects all parts of the host plant by invading the ovaries of its host. The infection causes the corn kernels to swell up into tumor-like galls, wherein the tissues, texture, and developmental pattern are mushroom-like. The galls grow to 4 to 5 inches in diameter.
Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi: Rust, southern corn Puccinia polysora: Rust, tropical corn Physopella pallescens. Physopella zeae = Angiopsora zeae. Sclerotium ear rot Southern blight Athelia rolfsii: Seed rot-seedling blight Athelia rolfsii. Bipolaris sorokiniana Bipolaris zeicola = Helminthosporium carbonum Diplodia maydis Exserohilum ...
If infection of the shank occurs early enough the ear may be killed prematurely which causes the ear to drop. SCLB affected kernels will be covered in a felty, black mold, which may cause cob rot. [1] Ear rot is more extensive with Race T on T-cms corn. [8] Seedlings that become infected may wilt and die within a view weeks of the planting date ...
Corn anthracnose caused by C. graminicola is a disease present worldwide. This disease can affect all parts of the plant and can develop at any time during the growing season. This disease is typically seen in leaf blight or stalk rot form. Before the 1970s, Anthracnose was not an issue in North America.
Occasionally the infected areas have a reddish tinge. [3] Some authorities [3] make a distinction between "black point" and "smudge". For them the disease is "black point" from initial infection until more than half of the kernel is infected, or when the disease has entered into the seed's crease. [3]
Following infection, new stromata can form within 12–15 days in infected tissue, producing additional ascospores and conidia. Given the polycyclic nature of this pathogen, as well as the ability to infect corn at any developmental stage, it is extremely hard to manage. [3]
The onset of this smut is sporadic and slowly progressive however disease severity is high. For example, a field of corn can have 10% infected with yield loss that has an 80% apparent infection rate. [13] Post infection treatment to eliminate or reduce the disease are marginally effective or ineffective.