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  2. Ozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone

    A connection has also been known to exist between the increased pollen, fungal spores, and ozone caused by thunderstorms and hospital admissions of asthma sufferers. [ 118 ] In the Victorian era , one British folk myth held that the smell of the sea was caused by ozone.

  3. Ground-level ozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozone

    Ozone depletion, on the other hand, is a radiative forcing of the climate system. Two opposite effects exist: Reduced ozone causes the stratosphere to absorb less solar radiation, cooling it while warming the troposphere; as a result, the stratosphere emits less long-wave radiation downward, cooling the troposphere.

  4. Ozone layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer

    UV-A does not primarily cause skin reddening, but there is evidence that it causes long-term skin damage. Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is ...

  5. Allotropes of oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_oxygen

    Tetraoxygen had been suspected to exist since the early 1900s, when it was known as oxozone. It was identified in 2001 by a team led by Fulvio Cacace at the University of Rome. [ 13 ] The molecule O 4 was thought to be in one of the phases of solid oxygen later identified as O 8 .

  6. OpenAI o3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI_o3

    Reinforcement learning was used to teach o3 to "think" before generating answers, using what OpenAI refers to as a "private chain of thought". [10] This approach enables the model to plan ahead and reason through tasks, performing a series of intermediate reasoning steps to assist in solving the problem, at the cost of additional computing power and increased latency of responses.

  7. Oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

    4) was discovered in 2001, [45] [46] and was assumed to exist in one of the six phases of solid oxygen. It was proven in 2006 that this phase, created by pressurizing O 2 to 20 GPa, is in fact a rhombohedral O 8 cluster. [47] This cluster has the potential to be a much more powerful oxidizer than either O 2 or O 3 and may therefore be used in ...

  8. Ozone–oxygen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone–oxygen_cycle

    Ozone–oxygen cycle in the ozone layer: 1.Oxygen photolyzed to atomic oxygen 2. Oxygen and ozone continuously interconverted. Solar UV breaks down oxygen; molecular and atomic oxygen combine to form Ozone.

  9. Trioxidane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trioxidane

    The reverse reaction, the addition of singlet oxygen to water, typically does not occur in part due to the scarcity of singlet oxygen. In biological systems, however, ozone is known to be generated from singlet oxygen, and the presumed mechanism is an antibody-catalyzed production of trioxidane from singlet oxygen. [2]