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Linnaeus first gave the hart's-tongue fern the binomial Asplenium scolopendrium in his Species Plantarum of 1753. [4] The Latin specific epithet scolopendrium is derived from the Greek skolopendra, meaning a centipede or millipede; this is due to the sori pattern being reminiscent of a myriapod's legs. [5] [6]
Protea scolopendriifolia, also known as the harts-tongue-fern sugarbush [2] or hart's-tongue-fern sugarbush, [3] is a flowering shrub endemic to South Africa, where it occurs in both the Western and Eastern Cape. [2] It is found from the Cederberg, through the Kogelberg, Riviersonderend Mountains and Swartberg, to the Kouga Mountains.
Asplenium rhizophyllum, the (American) walking fern, is a frequently-occurring fern native to North America. It is a close relative of Asplenium ruprechtii [ 2 ] (syn: Camptosorus sibiricus ) which is found in East Asia and also goes by the common name of "walking fern".
Both the scientific name and the common name "spleenwort" are derived from an old belief, based on the doctrine of signatures, that the fern was useful for ailments of the spleen, [4] due to the spleen-shaped sori on the backs of the fronds. "-wort" is an ancient English term that simply means "plant" (compare German-wurz).
The name may be related to the presence, in the nearby wood, of the hart's-tongue fern (asplenium scolopendrium) called in Modern French langue-de-cerf, but Old North French *cer(f)langue "deer's tongue", compare dent-de-lion "dandelion", called liondent as well. The parish of Saint-Jean-d'Abbetot was annexed to La Cerlangue in 1824.
English name Scientific name Status House holly-fern Cyrtomium falcatum: Introduced Hay-scented buckler-fern Dryopteris aemula: Native Scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis: Native Narrow buckler-fern Dryopteris carthusiana: Native Crested buckler-fern Dryopteris cristata: Native Broad buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata: Native Northern buckler-fern
Another, between A. pinnatifidum and the tetraploid American hart's-tongue fern (A. scolopendrium var. americanum) yielded peculiar specimens with a long blade, similar in texture and doubled indusia to the hart's-tongue fern, but lengthened and tapering to a point, and not lobed except for two surprisingly large auricles at the base. [32]
Larvae feed from August to June, initially in a whitish mine in the frond, and in the spring they leave the mine and burrow into a sorus, feeding on the sporangia.They later form a loose, portable case from empty sporangia and when fully grown in May the case resembles a misplaced sorus, especially on hart's-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium).