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  2. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements...

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  3. Ti-6Al-4V - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti-6Al-4V

    Studies of titanium alloys used in armors began in the 1950s at the Watertown Arsenal, which later became a part of the Army Research Laboratory. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A 1948 graduate of MIT, Stanley Abkowitz (1927-2017) was a pioneer in the titanium industry and is credited for the invention of the Ti-6Al-4V during his time at the US Army’s Watertown ...

  4. Titanium alloys - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_alloys

    It has strength/modulus of elasticity ratios almost twice those of 18-8 austenitic stainless steel, larger elastic deflections in springs, and reduced force per unit displacement 2.2 times below those of stainless steel appliances. Some of the beta titanium alloys can convert to hard and brittle hexagonal omega-titanium at cryogenic ...

  5. Rockwell hardness test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_hardness_test

    Steel, stainless steels, hard cast irons, pearlitic malleable iron, titanium, titanium alloys, deep case-hardened steel, other materials harder than 100 HRB: 100: 500 D: HRD: 100: spheroconical diamond † Thin steel and medium case-hardened steel and pearlitic malleable iron: 100: 500 E: HRE: 100: 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.18 mm) ball

  6. Titanium aluminide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_aluminide

    Titanium aluminide (chemical formula TiAl), commonly gamma titanium, is an intermetallic chemical compound. It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation [ 1 ] and heat, but has low ductility . The density of γ-TiAl is about 4.0 g/cm 3 .

  7. Vickers hardness test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test

    As a rule of thumb the sample thickness should be kept greater than 2.5 times the indent diameter. Alternatively indent depth, t {\displaystyle t} , can be calculated according to: t = d a v g 2 2 tan ⁡ θ 2 ≈ d a v g 7.0006 , {\displaystyle t={\frac {d_{\rm {avg}}}{2{\sqrt {2}}\tan {\frac {\theta }{2}}}}\approx {\frac {d_{\rm {avg}}}{7. ...

  8. Hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness

    However, below a critical grain-size, hardness decreases with decreasing grain size. This is known as the inverse Hall-Petch effect. Hardness of a material to deformation is dependent on its microdurability or small-scale shear modulus in any direction, not to any rigidity or stiffness properties such as its bulk modulus or Young's modulus .

  9. Titanium gold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_gold

    Like many other alloys, titanium gold alloys have a higher yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, and magnetism than either of its constituent metals. [ 4 ] In July 2016, researchers led by Emilia Morosan at Rice University discovered that a titanium-gold alloy, β-Ti 3 Au, is an intermetallic alloy that is up to 4 times harder than pure ...