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Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses.It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they ...
Whether or not viruses should be considered as alive is controversial. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] They are most often considered as just gene coding replicators rather than forms of life. [ 37 ] They have been described as "organisms at the edge of life" [ 38 ] because they possess genes , evolve by natural selection, [ 39 ] [ 40 ] and replicate by making ...
How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Viruses cannot function or reproduce outside a cell, and are totally dependent on a host cell to survive. Most viruses are species specific, and related viruses typically only infect a narrow range of plants ...
With flu, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and the common cold, experts say, people are generally most infectious between a day or two before symptoms begin and then for a few days afterward.
Video recording of a set of presentations given in 2010 about humanity's efforts towards malaria eradication. The eradication of infectious diseases is the reduction of the prevalence of an infectious disease in the global host population to zero. [1] Two infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest ...
The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids, others from bacteria. Viruses are sometimes considered to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce and evolve through natural selection. However they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as ...
A virus with this "viral envelope" uses it—along with specific receptors—to enter a new host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 33,000 to 500,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.4 in).
Virus outbreaks tend to begin in rural areas, but are first noticed in large cities. [20] Stephan Lewandowsky and colleagues write that the location of the Institute near the outbreak site is "literally a coincidence" and using that coincidence as a priori evidence for a lab leak typifies a kind of conjunction fallacy. [18]