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Brain death is used as an indicator of legal death in many jurisdictions, [7] but it is defined inconsistently and often confused by the public. [8] Various parts of the brain may keep functioning when others do not anymore, and the term "brain death" has been used to refer to various combinations.
The outcome of severe cerebral hypoxia will depend on the success of damage control, the amount of brain tissue deprived of oxygen, and the speed with which oxygen is restored. [citation needed] If cerebral hypoxia is localized to a specific part of the brain, brain damage will be localized to that region. A general consequence may be epilepsy ...
The side-effects of a brain injury depend on location and the body's response to injury. [49] Even a mild concussion can have long term effects that may not resolve. [50] Another misconception is that children heal better from brain damage. Children are at greater risk for injury due to lack of maturity. It makes future development hard to predict.
Brain injuries are very hard to predict in the outcome. Many tests and specialists are needed to determine the likelihood of the prognosis. People with minor brain damage can have debilitating side effects; not just severe brain damage has debilitating effects. The side-effects of a brain injury depend on location and the body's response to injury.
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly called Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, [1] is a genetic degenerative disease of the brain that can lead to parkinsonism, dystonia, dementia, and ultimately death. Neurodegeneration in PKAN is accompanied by an excess of iron that progressively builds up in the brain.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), also known as Dawson disease, is a rare form of progressive brain inflammation caused by a persistent infection with the measles virus. The condition primarily affects children, teens, and young adults. It has been estimated that about 2 in 10,000 people who get measles will eventually develop SSPE. [1]
CT and MRI are most commonly used to observe the brain for cerebral atrophy. A CT scan takes cross sectional images of the brain using X-rays, while an MRI uses a magnetic field. With both measures, multiple images can be compared to see if there is a loss in brain volume over time. [20]
Types of brain herniation [21] 1) Uncal 2) Central - The brainstem herniates caudally. 3) Cingulate herniation - The brain squeezes under the falx cerebri. 4) Transcalvarial herniation - through a skull fracture 5) Upward herniation of the cerebellum 6) Tonsillar herniation - the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum.