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Number 4 rebars spaced 12 inches on center (center-to-center distance) on both the top and bottom faces and in each way as well, i.e. longitudinal and transverse. (3) #4 Three number 4 rebars (usually used when the rebar perpendicular to the detail) #3 ties @ 9 OC, (2) per set Number 3 rebars used as stirrups, spaced at 9 inches on center.
Because the actual bond stress varies along the length of a bar anchored in a zone of tension, most international codes of specifications [2] [3] [4] use the concept of development length rather than bond stress. The same concept applies to lap splice length mentioned in the codes where splices (overlapping) provided between two adjacent bars ...
When a concrete structure is designed, it is usual to specify the concrete cover for the rebar (the depth of the rebar within the object). The minimum concrete cover is normally regulated by design or building codes. If the reinforcement is too close to the surface, early failure due to corrosion may occur.
Rebar coupler. Mechanical couplers can be advantageous in comparison with conventional methods of lap splicing because of the requirement for less steel for overlapping. It is more effective in the seismic detailing to avoid reinforcement congestion problems. [3] The couplers are also used in pre-cast construction. [4]
A sufficient thickness of concrete cover is thus required in order to slow down the carbonatation process towards the rebar. The minimum concrete cover will depend on the environmental conditions encountered and must be thicker when the concrete is also exposed to moisture and chloride (proximity to the sea, use of de-icing salt for bridges or ...
ACI Code 7.10.4.2: For cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be less than 3/8 in. diameter. ACI Code 7.10.4.3: Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 3 in., nor be less than 1in. Section 10.9.3 adds an additional lower limit to the amount of spiral reinforcement via the volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio ρ s.
The 4 Most Desired or Dateable Zodiac Signs. Read on for you or your crush's Sun, Moon, and Rising signs. Venus signs are also helpful to check. You may be surprised by the four zodiac signs ...
Initiation and propagation periods of steel rebar corrosion in a reinforced concrete structure (Tutti diagram). [2] [3] Initially, the chemical reactions that normally occur in the cement paste, generate an alkaline environment, bringing the solution in the cement paste pores to pH values around 13. In these conditions, passivation of steel ...