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Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000 years ago. Hypotheses on the causes of the extinction include violence, transmission of diseases from modern humans which Neanderthals had no immunity to, competitive replacement, extinction by interbreeding with early modern human populations, natural catastrophes, climate change and inbreeding depression.
The Neanderthal skull is distinguished namely by a flat and broad skullcap, rounded supraorbital torus (the brow ridges), high orbits (eye sockets), a broad nose, mid-facial prognathism (the face projects far from the base of the skull), an "en bombe" (bomb-like) skull shape when viewed from the back, and an occipital bun at the back of the skull. [4]
A cynocephalus. From the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493).. The characteristic of cynocephaly, or cynocephalus (/ s aɪ n oʊ ˈ s ɛ f ə l i /), having the head of a canid, typically that of a dog or jackal, is a widely attested mythical phenomenon existing in many different forms and contexts.
These "dogs" had a wide size range, from over 60 cm (2 ft) in height in eastern Europe to less than 30–45 cm (1 ft–1 ft 6 in) in central and western Europe, [103] and 32–41 kg (71–90 lb) in all of Europe. These "dogs" are identified by having a shorter snout and skull, and wider palate and braincase than contemporary wolves.
With a supposedly large nose and a big face, moderate [6] midfacial prognathism, a small brow ridge and small [7] teeth, Amud 1 exhibits an unusual mosaic of features compared to European Neanderthals. Contrary of majority of other Neanderthals, especially European Neanderthals, its brow ridges are slender and it has a somewhat developed chin. [8]
Living among a small band of Neanderthals in what is now eastern Spain was a child, perhaps 6 years old, with Down syndrome, as shown in a remarkable fossil preserving traits in the inner ear ...
A Neanderthal was buried 75,000 years ago, and experts painstakingly pieced together what she looked like. The striking recreation is featured in a new Netflix documentary, “Secrets of the ...
Qafzeh 9 has a high forehead, lack of occipital bun, a distinct chin, but a prognathic face. [32] Qafzeh 9 offers the earliest evidence of associated mandibular and dental pathological conditions (i.e. non-ossifying fibroma of the mandible, pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption and osteochondritis dissecans of the temporomandibular joint) among ...