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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.
Rose perfumes are made from rose oil, also called attar of roses, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses. Rose water is a by-product of this process. [ 5 ]
Women were familiar with a wide array of perfumes and incense, including attar, civet oil, musk, amber oil, oud, sandalwood oil, and rose oil. Their tools for these fragrances included a spray bottle and an incense burner , known as mabkhara .
Attar was a Sunni Muslim. [11] From childhood onward Attar, encouraged by his father, was interested in the Sufis and their sayings and way of life, and regarded their saints as his spiritual guides. [12] At the age of 78, Attar died a violent death in the massacre which the Mongols inflicted on Nishapur in April 1221. [4]
The Attar are a Muslim community and caste found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh in India. This community has no connection with the Attarwala of Gujarat , other than both communities at one time having been involved in the manufacture of attars (perfumes).
Attar (caste), a Muslim community in India; Attar (name), an Arabic given name and surname, including a list of people with the name Attar of Nishapur, 12th-century Persian poet; Attar (syrup), a type of sweet syrup; ʿAṯtar, an ancient Semitic god; Colonel Attar, a fictional character in Planet of the Apes
Battoulah (Arabic: بطوله, romanized: baṭṭūleh; Persian: بتوله), also called Gulf Burqah (Arabic: البرقع الخليجي), [1] [note 1] is a metallic-looking fashion mask traditionally worn by Khaleeji Arab and Bandari Persian Muslim women in the area around the Persian Gulf.