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Although food engineering is a relatively recent and evolving field of study, it is based on long-established concepts and activities. [1] The traditional focus of food engineering was preservation, which involved stabilizing and sterilizing foods, preventing spoilage, and preserving nutrients in food for prolonged periods of time. [5]
Melting ice cubes illustrate the process of fusion. Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point.
The cross-linking of polymer molecules that occurs in the curing process is exothermic, resulting in a negative peak in the DSC curve that usually appears soon after the glass transition. [15] [16] [17] In the pharmaceutical industry it is necessary to have well-characterized drug compounds in order to define processing parameters. For instance ...
Food and biological process engineering is a discipline concerned with applying principles of engineering to the fields of food production and distribution and biology. It is a broad field, with workers fulfilling a variety of roles ranging from design of food processing equipment to genetic modification of organisms.
By 1931, the tempering process was developed to control chocolate bloom, but it was not understood how it worked. The effects on the crystal structure were not understood until the 1970s. By the 1950s, the tempering process involved cooling chocolate to 86 °F (30 °C), until it was "mushy", then raised to 91.4 °F (33.0 °C) before it was molded.
An ore extraction process broken into its constituent unit operations (Quincy Mine, Hancock, MI ca. 1900) In chemical engineering and related fields, a unit operation is a basic step in a process. Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, polymerization ...
The melting point (sometimes called liquefaction point) is the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid. In commercial and industrial situations, the process of condensing a gas to liquid is sometimes referred to as liquefaction of gases.
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. [1] The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly controlled materials used in biomedical ...