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The flames caused as a result of a fuel undergoing combustion (burning) Air pollution abatement equipment provides combustion control for industrial processes.. Combustion, or burning, [1] is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
Another example of a double displacement reaction is the reaction of lead(II) nitrate with potassium iodide to form lead(II) iodide and potassium nitrate: + + Forward and backward reactions According to Le Chatelier's Principle , reactions may proceed in the forward or reverse direction until they end or reach equilibrium .
The burning of a solid material may appear to lose weight if the mass of combustion gases (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) are not taken into account. The original mass of flammable material and the mass of the oxygen consumed (typically from the surrounding air) equals the mass of the flame products (ash, water, carbon dioxide, and ...
As an example in everyday life, hand warmers make use of the oxidation of iron to achieve an exothermic reaction: 4Fe + 3O 2 → 2Fe 2 O 3 ΔH⚬ = - 1648 kJ/mol. A particularly important class of exothermic reactions is combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. the burning of natural gas:
A large compost pile can spontaneously combust if improperly managed. Spontaneous combustion or spontaneous ignition is a type of combustion which occurs by self-heating (increase in temperature due to exothermic internal reactions), followed by thermal runaway (self heating which rapidly accelerates to high temperatures) and finally, autoignition. [1]
Smouldering combustion in glowing embers of barbecue coal briquettes. Smouldering (British English) or smoldering (American English; see spelling differences) is the slow, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel. [1]
According to the IUPAC, an exothermic reaction is "a reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative". [4] Some examples of exothermic process are fuel combustion, condensation and nuclear fission, [5] which is used in nuclear power plants to release large amounts of energy. [6]
Damage to buildings, equipment and people can result from a large-scale, short-duration deflagration. The potential damage is primarily a function of the total amount of fuel burned in the event (total energy available), the maximum reaction velocity that is achieved, and the manner in which the expansion of the combustion gases is contained.