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Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. [1] This process renders a product (chemistry) and by-products. The fats and oils react with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight.
Introducing water into the combustion process reduces temperatures and NO x emissions. [6] Research comparing water injection and emulsified fuels in diesel engines (both marine and stationary) has shown that emulsified fuels are particularly effective at simultaneously decreasing NO x and particulate matter emissions. [7]
Methyl butyrate has been used in combustion studies as a surrogate fuel for the larger fatty acid methyl esters found in biodiesel. [6] However, studies have shown that, due to its short-chain length, methyl butyrate does not reproduce well the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behaviour and early CO 2 formation characteristics of real ...
The combustion of a stoichiometric mixture of fuel and oxidizer (e.g. two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen) in a steel container at 25 °C (77 °F) is initiated by an ignition device and the reactions allowed to complete. When hydrogen and oxygen react during combustion, water vapor is produced.
These molecules can act as an emulsifier, allowing water to mix with the biodiesel. [citation needed] In addition, there may be water that is residual to processing or resulting from storage tank condensation. The presence of water is a problem because: Water reduces the heat of fuel combustion, causing smoke, harder starting, and reduced power.
These compounds can serve as raw materials for biofuels like bioethanol or biodiesel. [51] Therefore, even though combusting microalgae-based fuel for energy would still produce emissions like any other fuel, it could be close to carbon-neutral if they, as a whole, consumed as much carbon dioxide as is emitted during combustion.
Biofuels include bioethanol, an alcohol made by fermentation—often used as a gasoline additive, and biodiesel, which is usually used as a diesel additive. Specific energy is energy per unit mass, which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [1]
Supercritical water can be used to decompose biomass via Supercritical Water Gasification of biomass. [19] This type of biomass gasification can be used to produce hydrocarbon fuels for use in an efficient combustion device or to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel cell. In the latter case, hydrogen yield can be much higher than the hydrogen ...