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Bold indicates a data byte which has not been altered by encoding. All non-zero data bytes remain unaltered. Green indicates a zero data byte that was altered by encoding. All zero data bytes are replaced during encoding by the offset to the following zero byte (i.e. one plus the number of non-zero bytes that follow).
A is the sum of all bytes in the stream plus one, and B is the sum of the individual values of A from each step. At the beginning of an Adler-32 run, A is initialized to 1, B to 0. The sums are done modulo 65521 (the largest prime number smaller than 2 16). The bytes are stored in network order , B occupying the two most significant bytes.
In non-LZMA2 streams, lc must not be greater than 8, and lp and pb must not be greater than 4. In LZMA2 streams, (lc + lp) and pb must not be greater than 4. In the 7-zip LZMA file format, configuration is performed by a header containing the "properties" byte followed by the 32-bit little-endian dictionary size in bytes.
GxHash [10] 32, 64 or 128 bits AES block cipher pHash [11] fixed or variable see Perceptual hashing: dhash [12] 128 bits see Perceptual hashing: SDBM [2] [13] 32 or 64 bits mult/add or shift/add also used in GNU AWK: OSDB hash [14] 64 bits add komihash [15] 64 bits product/split/add/XOR
Visualization of a software buffer overflow. Data is written into A, but is too large to fit within A, so it overflows into B.. In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.
Input from a terminal never really "ends" (unless the device is disconnected), but it is useful to enter more than one "file" into a terminal, so a key sequence is reserved to indicate end of input. In UNIX , the translation of the keystroke to EOF is performed by the terminal driver, so a program does not need to distinguish terminals from ...
The only literal byte pair left occurs only once, and the encoding might stop here. Alternatively, the process could continue with recursive byte pair encoding, replacing "ZY" with "X": XdXac X=ZY Y=ab Z=aa This data cannot be compressed further by byte pair encoding because there are no pairs of bytes that occur more than once.
10 1: 5.0×10 1 bit/s Positioning system Bit rate for transmissions from GPS satellites [3] 5.6×10 1 bit/s Text data Bit rate for a skilled operator in Morse code [4] 10 3: kbit/s 4×10 3 bit/s Audio data Minimum achieved for encoding recognizable speech (using special-purpose speech codecs) 8×10 3 bit/s Audio data Low bit rate telephone ...