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The design of experiments, also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation.
In the design of experiments, optimal experimental designs (or optimum designs [2]) are a class of experimental designs that are optimal with respect to some statistical criterion. The creation of this field of statistics has been credited to Danish statistician Kirstine Smith .
In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups (blocks) based on one or more variables. These variables are chosen carefully to minimize the impact of their variability on the observed outcomes.
Taguchi methods (Japanese: タグチメソッド) are statistical methods, sometimes called robust design methods, developed by Genichi Taguchi to improve the quality of manufactured goods, and more recently also applied to engineering, [1] biotechnology, [2] [3] marketing and advertising. [4]
The Design of Experiments is a 1935 book by the English statistician Ronald Fisher about the design of experiments and is considered a foundational work in experimental design. [2] [3] [4] Among other contributions, the book introduced the concept of the null hypothesis in the context of the lady tasting tea experiment. [5]
Designed experiments with full factorial design (left), response surface with second-degree polynomial (right) In statistics, a full factorial experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors.
Design matrix: A matrix description of an experiment that is useful for constructing and analyzing experiments. Design of Experiments: A systematic, rigorous approach to engineering problem-solving that applies principles and techniques at the data collection stage so as to ensure the generation of valid, defensible, and supportable engineering ...
Experimental design is the design of all information-gathering exercises where variation is present, whether under the full control of the experimenter or an observational study. The experimenter may be interested in the effect of some intervention or treatment on the subjects in the design.