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The Type 1 medium tank Chi-He (一式中戦車 チへ, Ichi-shiki chusensha Chihe) was an improved version of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It had a more powerful main gun, engine and thicker armor.
The Hadley Rille is a 1.5 km wide and over 300 m deep sinuous rille. It is thought to be a giant conduit that carried lava from an eruptive vent far to the south. Topographic information obtained from the Apollo 15 photographs supports this possibility; however, many puzzles about the rille remain. [3]
The weather varies from 20 °C (68 °F) in summer to −7 °C (19 °F) in winter and the snow base is about 1.5 to 1.8 metres (60–70 in).The average snowfall is around 1.5 m. The duration of the ski season is from November to April. The ski areas span over 3000 ft of vertical drop (920m) and nearly 7.5 miles (12 km) of ski runs.
The volume of lava erupted was 9×10 5 m 3 and the volume of tephra expelled was 2.6×10 7 m 3. [4] They were named shortly after the eruptions and the literal translation means "Two Holes". [2] [5] The Quaternary age Gas Rocks dacite domes some three km to the northeast were the site of a phreatic eruption some 2300 years ago. [1]
Effusive eruptions involve a relatively gentle, steady outpouring of lava rather than large explosions. They can continue for years or decades, producing extensive fluid mafic lava flows. [43] For example, Kīlauea on Hawaiʻi continuously erupted from 1983 to 2018, producing 2.7 km 3 (1 cu mi) of lava covering more than 100 km 2 (40 sq mi). [44]
Lava now flowed out of the volcano into a densely populated area [19] at an average rate of 50–100 m 3 /s (1,800–3,500 cu ft/s), [13] with a peak rate of 640 m 3 /s (23,000 cu ft/s). [33] Lava emanating from the vent flowed around the Mompilieri [ 14 ] [ 34 ] /Monpilieri cinder cone and during 12 March destroyed the village of Malpasso . [ 35 ]
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project, while drilling several 5,000 m holes in an attempt to harness the heat in the volcanic bedrock below the surface of Iceland, struck a pocket of magma at 2,100 m in 2009. Because this was only the third time in recorded history that magma had been reached, IDDP decided to invest in the hole, naming it IDDP-1.
The tongue continues to lengthen and inflate with more lava, forming a lobe, until the pressure of the magma becomes sufficient to rupture the skin and start the formation of a new eruption point nearer the vent. This process produces a series of interconnecting lobate shapes that are pillow-like in cross-section. [8]