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The smallest (and unique up to rotation and reflection) non-trivial case of a magic square, order 3. In mathematics, especially historical and recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals are the same.
The Siamese method, or De la Loubère method, is a simple method to construct any size of n-odd magic squares (i.e. number squares in which the sums of all rows, columns and diagonals are identical). The method was brought to France in 1688 by the French mathematician and diplomat Simon de la Loubère , [ 1 ] as he was returning from his 1687 ...
For instance, the Lo Shu Square – the unique 3 × 3 magic square – is associative, because each pair of opposite points form a line of the square together with the center point, so the sum of the two opposite points equals the sum of a line minus the value of the center point regardless of which two opposite points are chosen. [4]
In contrast with its rows and columns, the diagonals of this square do not sum to 27; however, their mean is 27, as one diagonal adds to 23 while the other adds to 31.. All prime reciprocals in any base with a period will generate magic squares where all rows and columns produce a magic constant, and only a select few will be full, such that their diagonals, rows and columns collectively yield ...
Apart from the trivial case of the first order square, most-perfect magic squares are all of order 4n. In their book, Kathleen Ollerenshaw and David S. Brée give a method of construction and enumeration of all most-perfect magic squares. They also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between reversible squares and most-perfect magic ...
The numbers are based on a $50 a square game, with a $625 payout for the 1st and 3rd quarters, a $1,250 payout for halftime, and a $2,500 payout for the end of the game.
The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square. For example, the magic square shown below has a magic constant of 15. For a normal magic square of order n – that is, a magic square which contains the numbers 1, 2, ..., n 2 – the magic constant is = +.
Sallows is an expert on the theory of magic squares [1] and has invented several variations on them, including alphamagic squares [2] [3] and geomagic squares. [4] The latter invention caught the attention of mathematician Peter Cameron who has said that he believes that "an even deeper structure may lie hidden beyond geomagic squares" [5]