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The Mesopotamian campaign or Mesopotamian front [9] (Turkish: Irak Cephesi) was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, troops from Britain, Australia and the vast majority from British Raj, against the Central Powers, mostly the Ottoman Empire.
British reprisals after the murder of a British officer in Najaf failed to restore order. British administration had yet to be established in the mountains of northern Iraq. The most striking problem facing the British was the growing anger of the nationalists, who felt betrayed at being accorded mandate status. [citation needed]
The Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration, or Mandatory Iraq (Arabic: الانتداب البريطاني على العراق, romanized: al-Intidāb al-Brīṭānī ʿalā l-ʿIrāq), was created in 1921, following the 1920 Iraqi Revolution against the proposed British Mandate of Mesopotamia, and enacted via the 1922 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and a 1924 undertaking by the United Kingdom to ...
The British had some 50,000 well-trained and well-equipped troops: mostly British India troops of the Indian Expeditionary Force D together with the 13th (Western) Division of the British Army forming the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force. The Indian divisions of the Indian III Corps (also called the Tigris Corps) included
It has been alleged that the British used chemical weapons in Mesopotamia in 1920, during the Iraqi revolt (Ath Thawra al Iraqiyya al Kubra), in the period of the British Mandate over Mesopotamia. Use of tear gas and lethal poison gas against Iraqi rebels was considered, and the use of gas was promoted by Winston Churchill , head of the War ...
The British prime minister, H. H. Asquith, therefore initially proposed a select committee to inquire into the disasters at the Dardanelles (the Gallipoli Bridgeheads were finally evacuated in the winter of 1915-16) and in Mesopotamia (where the British and Indian force at Kut surrendered in April 1916). Instead, he was persuaded to agree to ...
The British campaign was successfully conducted under the leadership of Major General Sir James Outram in two theatres: on the southern coast of Iran near Bushehr and in southern Mesopotamia. The war resulted in the Iranians withdrawing from Herat and signing a new treaty to surrender their claims on the city and the British withdrawing from ...
The initial landing force was a contingent of Royal Marines from HMS Ocean and British Indian troops of the 16th (Poona) Brigade under Walter Sinclair Delamain. [2] The British sloop HMS Odin shelled the Turkish positions near the old fortress of Fao, silencing the enemy batteries and clearing the way for the landing force.