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Features of democracy oftentimes include freedom of assembly, association, personal property, freedom of religion and speech, citizenship, consent of the governed, voting rights, freedom from unwarranted governmental deprivation of the right to life and liberty, and minority rights. The notion of democracy has evolved considerably over time.
Athenian democracy – democracy in the Greek city-state of Athens developed around the fifth century BCE, making Athens one of the first known democracies in the world, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica. It was a system of direct democracy, in which eligible citizens voted directly on legislation and ...
Semi-direct democracy – representative democracy with instruments, elements, and/or features of direct democracy. Sociocracy – a democratic system of governance based on consent decision making, circle organization, subsidiarity, and double-linked representation. Socialist democracy – a political system which aligns socialism with democracy.
The strength of direct democracy in individual countries can be quantitatively compared by the Citizen-initiated component of direct popular vote index in V-Dem Democracy indices. [42] A higher index indicates more direct democracy popular initiatives and referendums, shown below for individual countries. Only countries with index above 0 are ...
The characteristics of liberal democracies are correlated with increased political stability, [5] lower corruption, [6] better management of resources, [7] and better health indicators such as life expectancy and infant mortality. [8] Liberal democracy traces its origins—and its name—to the Age of Enlightenment.
The Democracy Ranking initiative applies the following conceptual formula for defining democracy and measuring the quality of democracy: Quality of Democracy = (freedom & other characteristics of the political system) & (performance of the non-political dimensions). [5] This approach includes also the output of democracies.
Data from Patterns of Democracy (Yale University Press, 1999) by Arend Lijphart is presented in an appendix, which ranks the U.S. on a best-to-worst scale among a varying number of countries. Ranked criteria include economic growth , unemployment , inflation , economic inequality, women's representation, energy efficiency, incarceration rates ...
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