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Prosopometamorphopsia (PMO), [1] also known as demon face syndrome, [2] is a neurological disorder characterized by altered perceptions of faces. In the perception of a person with the disorder, facial features are distorted in a variety of ways including drooping, swelling, discoloration, and shifts of position.
Prosopagnosia, [2] also known as face blindness, [3] is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact.
For example, a stroke affecting the right parietal lobe of the brain can lead to neglect for the left side of the visual field, causing a patient with neglect to behave as if the left side of sensory space is nonexistent (although they can still turn left). In an extreme case, a patient with neglect might fail to eat the food on the left half ...
Since the patient was capable of feeling emotions and recognizing faces but could not feel emotions when recognizing familiar faces, Ramachandran hypothesizes the origin of Capgras syndrome is a disconnection between the temporal cortex, where faces are usually recognized (see temporal lobe), and the limbic system, involved in emotions.
However, action potentials in this system are not being received by the second or third thoracic vertebrae which innervates the face, neck, and upper chest. [3] Harlequin syndrome,caused by a defect in sympathetic innervation. Damage or lesions near T2 or T3 could be between the stellate ganglion and superior cervical ganglion. This is where we ...
Often, the brain is able to compensate for some of this damage, due to an ability called neuroplasticity. MS symptoms develop as the cumulative result of multiple lesions in the brain and spinal cord. This is why symptoms can vary greatly between different individuals, depending on where their lesions occur.
Lesion studies using patients with prosopagnosia show that brain damage overlapping with the OFA is associated with impaired facial recognition. [7] TMS studies using healthy participants have shown that temporary inactivation of the OFA can produce deficits in various aspects of face perception including face recognition, face identity ...
The fusiform face area (FFA, meaning spindle-shaped face area) is a part of the human visual system (while also activated in people blind from birth) [1] that is specialized for facial recognition. [2] It is located in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), in the fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37).