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A box of Lorazepam Orion (Lorazepam) tablets. Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [14] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [14]
Although anxiety can temporarily increase as a withdrawal symptom, there is evidence that a reduction or withdrawal from benzodiazepines can lead to a reduction of anxiety symptoms in the long run. [4] [5] Due to these increasing physical and mental symptoms from long-term use of benzodiazepines, slow withdrawal is recommended for long-term users.
Anxiety Medications: An Overview. Anxiety disorders are very common, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. An estimated 31.1 percent of all American adults will experience some ...
[32] [35] Nevertheless, benzodiazepines are still prescribed for long-term treatment of anxiety disorders, although specific antidepressants and psychological therapies are recommended as the first-line treatment options with the anticonvulsant drug pregabalin indicated as a second- or third-line treatment and suitable for long-term use. [36]
Like diazepam, it has a long elimination half-life and long-acting active metabolites. [25] [69] Management of benzodiazepine dependence involves considering the person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of benzodiazepines. [70]
Some doctors however, disagree and believe long-term psychiatric use beyond 4 weeks is sometimes justified, although there is little data to support this viewpoint. [9] Such viewpoints are a minority in the medical literature. [53] However, long-term benzodiazepine usage is indicated as an adjunct treatment for some seizure disorders.
The changes are most notable with long acting benzodiazepines as these are prone to significant accumulation in such individuals and can lead to withdrawal symptoms. [citation needed] For example, the equivalent dose of diazepam in an elderly individual on lorazepam may be half of what would be expected in a younger individual.
In one study, some long term, high-dosage users of alprazolam developed reversible depression. [29] In the US, alprazolam is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. [9] [10] In the UK, alprazolam is indicated for short-term symptomatic treatment of anxiety in adults. [7]