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Pharmaceutical manufacturing is the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry. The process of drug manufacturing can be broken down into a series of unit operations , such as milling , granulation , coating , tablet pressing , and others.
Topical gels are also used as lubricants, or carriers for pharmaceutical agents. [5] They can be used as vehicles for different purposes, via different routes of administration, such as dental, dermatological [ 15 ] l , [ 16 ] [ 17 ] ophthalmic , [ 11 ] intranasal, vaginal, rectal and others.
An excipient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication.They may be used to enhance the active ingredient’s therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption; to reduce viscosity; to enhance solubility; to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life); or to add bulk to solid formulations that have ...
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .
Beginning with a mixture of polymer and solvent (top), cosolvents encourage the aggregation of polymers (right), simplifying production and improving performance. Without the use of cosolvent, droplets of primary solvent coalesce into distinct domains and polymer is more randomly dispersed (left). Adapted from Janssen et al (2015).
A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%. [ 1 ] In chemistry , a tincture is a solution that has ethanol as its solvent.
Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with TCDD being one of the most notorious. [2] Organochlorides such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane and chloroform are commonly used as solvents and are referred to as "chlorinated solvents". [citation needed]
These essential oils can include limonene and other straight solvents. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the most used supercritical fluid, sometimes modified by co-solvents such as ethanol or methanol. Extraction conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide are above the critical temperature of 31 °C and critical pressure of 74 bar. Addition of ...