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γ-Carotene (gamma-carotene) is a carotenoid, and is a biosynthetic intermediate for cyclized carotenoid synthesis in plants. [2] It is formed from cyclization of lycopene by lycopene cyclase epsilon. [3] Along with several other carotenoids, γ-carotene is a vitamer of vitamin A in herbivores and omnivores.
α-Carotene is produced when the all-trans lycopene first undergoes reaction with epsilon-LCY then a second reaction with beta-LCY; whereas β-carotene is produced by two reactions with beta-LCY. α- and β-Carotene are the most common carotenoids in the plant photosystems but they can still be further converted into xanthophylls by using beta ...
Gamma-, delta-, epsilon-, and zeta-carotene (γ, δ, ε, and ζ-carotene) also exist. Since they are hydrocarbons, and therefore contain no oxygen, carotenes are fat-soluble and insoluble in water (in contrast with other carotenoids , the xanthophylls , which contain oxygen and thus are less chemically hydrophobic).
Vitamin A occurs as two principal forms in foods: A) retinoids, found in animal-sourced foods, either as retinol or bound to a fatty acid to become a retinyl ester, and B) the carotenoids α-carotene (alpha-carotene), β-carotene, γ-carotene (gamma-carotene), and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain β-ionone rings) that ...
Biologically important tetraterpenoids include the acyclic lycopene, the monocyclic gamma-carotene, and the bicyclic alpha-and beta-carotenes. Polyterpenes consist of long chains of many isoprene units. Natural rubber consists of polyisoprene in which the double bonds are cis.
As with any vitamin C product, be sure to test it on your skin before using it. This customer said, "I burned my face with this multiple times before finally getting the hang of it. I resisted the ...
Using chromatography with He as a carrier gas, degradation was visible in the samples. There was found to be a presence of beta and gamma carotane derivatives. The derivatives were cross-referenced with synthesized derivatives that were produced via the catagenesis of beta carotene through hydrous pyrolysis. [5]
By Leah Douglas and Julie Steenhuysen (Reuters) -California's public health department reported a possible case of bird flu in a child with mild respiratory symptoms on Tuesday, but said there was ...