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A hard disk head on an access arm resting on a hard disk platter. The access time or response time of a rotating drive is a measure of the time it takes before the drive can actually transfer data. The factors that control this time on a rotating drive are mostly related to the mechanical nature of the rotating disks and moving heads. It is ...
After some time, when more data is stored in the inner tracks, the average data transfer rate will drop, because the transfer rate in the inner zones is slower; this, combined with the head's longer stroke and possible fragmentation, may give the impression of the disk drive slowing down over time. [2]
This smaller form factor is similar to that used in an HDD by Rodime in 1983, which was the same size as the "half height" 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (89 mm) FDD, i.e., 1.63 inches (41 mm) high. Today, the 1-inch high ("one-third height", "slimline", or "low-profile") version of this form factor is the most popular form used in most desktops and data centers .
Hard disk drives store data in the magnetic polarization of small patches of the surface coating on a disk. The maximum areal density is defined by the size of the magnetic particles in the surface, as well as the size of the "head" used to read and write the data. In 1956 the first hard drive, the IBM 350, had an areal density of 2,000 bit/in 2.
The first, the SSD 510, used an SATA 6 Gigabit per second interface to reach speeds of up to 500 MB/s. [14] The drive, which uses a controller from Marvell Technology Group , [ 15 ] was released using 34 nm NAND Flash and came in capacities of 120 GB and 250 GB.
In general, an SSD uses a relatively fast interface such as Serial ATA (SATA) or PCI Express (PCIe) paired with a logical device interface such as AHCI or NVM Express (NVMe). Removable devices use simpler, slower interfaces such as the one-bit SD interface or SPI .
In the history of optical storage media there have been and there are different optical disc formats with different data writing/reading speeds.. Original CD-ROM drives could read data at about 150 kB/s, 1× constant angular velocity (CAV), [1] the same speed of compact disc players without buffering.
The notion of "large" amounts of data is of course highly dependent on the time frame and the market segment, as storage device capacity has increased by many orders of magnitude since the beginnings of computer technology in the late 1940s and continues to grow; however, in any time frame, common mass storage devices have tended to be much larger and at the same time much slower than common ...