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Several of the most prominent male Olympian gods (including Zeus, Poseidon, and Ares) engaged in affairs with the seven heavenly sisters. These relationships resulted in the birth of their children. Maia, eldest [8] of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus. [9] Electra, mother of Dardanus [10] and Iasion, [11] by Zeus. [12]
The lyric poet Simonides of Ceos (c. 556–468 BC), is the first (datable) source to connect the name of the star-cluster with the seven daughters of Atlas. [19] The names of the seven Pleiades are first attested in a scholion on Pindar, which quotes three hexameter lines from an unattributed poem, probably from the Hesiodic corpus: [20]
In Greek mythology, Merope / ˈ m ɛr ə p iː / [1] (Ancient Greek: Μερόπη) is one of the seven Pleiades, daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Pleione, their mother, is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys and is the protector of sailors. [2] Their transformation into the star cluster known as the Pleiades is the subject of various myths.
Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia [4] or Clymene. [5] He was a brother of Epimetheus and Prometheus. [6] He had many children, mostly daughters, the Hesperides, the Hyades, the Pleiades, and the nymph Calypso who lived on the island Ogygia. [7]
Maia is the daughter of Atlas [3] [4] and Pleione the Oceanid, and is the oldest of the seven Pleiades. [5] They were born on Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, [4] and are sometimes called mountain nymphs, oreads; Simonides of Ceos sang of "mountain Maia" (Maiados oureias) "of the lovely black eyes."
Pleione was the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys who were the Titan God and Goddess of bodies of water. [3] Pleione was mother to seven daughters, known as the Pleiades. Their names were: Maia, Electra, Taygete, Alcyone, Celaeno, Sterope and Merope. [3] She is often said to be the mother of Calypso with Atlas as well. [4]
The brightest stars of the cluster are named the Seven Sisters in early Greek mythology: Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone. Later, they were assigned parents, Pleione and Atlas. [17] As daughters of Atlas, the Hyades were sisters of the Pleiades. The following table gives details of the brightest stars in the cluster:
They are sometimes portrayed as the evening daughters of Night , either alone, [3] or with Darkness , [4] in accord with the way Eos in the farthermost east, in Colchis, is the daughter of the titan Hyperion. The Hesperides are also listed as the daughters of Atlas [5] and Hesperis, [6] or of Phorcys and Ceto, [7] or of Zeus and Themis. [8]