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  2. Retaining wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall

    Drystone retaining walls are normally self-draining. As an example, the International Building Code requires retaining walls to be designed to ensure stability against overturning, sliding, excessive foundation pressure and water uplift; and that they be designed for a safety factor of 1.5 against lateral sliding and overturning. [6]

  3. Mechanically stabilized earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically_stabilized_earth

    The wall face is often of precast, segmental blocks, panels or geocells that can tolerate some differential movement. The walls are infilled with granular soil, with or without reinforcement, while retaining the backfill soil. Reinforced walls utilize horizontal layers typically of geogrids. The reinforced soil mass, along with the facing ...

  4. Lateral earth pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_earth_pressure

    An example of lateral earth pressure overturning a retaining wall. The lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction. It is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil and because it is considered in the design of geotechnical engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, deep foundations and ...

  5. Tieback (geotechnical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieback_(geotechnical)

    The tieback-deadman structure resists forces that would otherwise cause the wall to lean, as for example, when a seawall is pushed seaward by water trapped on the landward side after a heavy rain. Tiebacks are drilled into soil using a small diameter shaft, and usually installed at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees.

  6. Dry stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_stone

    The weight of the stones resists the pressure from the retained soil, including any surcharges, and the friction between the stones causes most of them to act as if they were a monolithic gravity wall of the same weight. Dry stone retaining walls were once built in great numbers for agricultural terracing and also to carry paths, roads and ...

  7. Larssen sheet piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larssen_sheet_piling

    Larssen sheet piling is a kind of sheet piling retaining wall. Segments with indented profiles (troughs) interlock to form a wall with alternating indents and outdents. The troughs increase resistance to bending. The segments are typically made of steel or another metal. [1]

  8. Caisson (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)

    Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.

  9. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    Example applications are building and bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams, and buried pipeline systems. Principles of soil mechanics are also used in related disciplines such as geophysical engineering , coastal engineering , agricultural engineering , and hydrology .