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Mao Zedong [a] (26 December 1893 ... Mao finished primary education, ... where he was bullied for his peasant background. [15] In 1911, Mao began middle school in ...
The history of higher education in China dates back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 BC– c. 1045 BC). However, the education system in ancient China was highly elitist and centred around Confucianism, a form of humanism. Under the imperial examination system, the education system focused on training and selection of civil servants. [5]
Mao's habits were formed by his farm background; biographer Stuart Schram suggested that this took the form of a "lack of social graces and of a concern either for comfort or appearances." [ 7 ] In later life, Mao would never become accustomed to the use of a toothbrush, instead retaining the habit of washing his mouth out with tea. [ 28 ]
The history of education in China began with the birth of the Chinese civilization.Nobles often set up educational establishments for their offspring. Establishment of the imperial examinations (advocated in the Warring States period, originated in Han, founded in Tang) was instrumental in the transition from an aristocratic to a meritocratic government.
At this point, the politics initiated by Mao's government, along with the diminishing crops, had left the country in dire financial straits. Mao saw this as a prime opportunity to sow chaos and push the country towards the downfall of the old system, leaving a blank slate from which a reconstruction based on complete Communism would emerge.
The Socialist Education Movement is regarded as the precursor of the Cultural Revolution. [8] [9] Mao became frustrated with resistance to the Socialist Education Movement and the experience further developed his view that the relationship between cadres and the people needed to be improved.
The China Democratic League - made up of what it calls mid and senior-level intellectuals in culture, education, science and technology - is the largest, with 300,600 members as of 2020.
Broadly speaking, party loyalty took precedence over educational background for the promotion of cadres to high-level administrative positions in Maoist China. A college education did not become necessary to attain such positions until after the death of Mao. [27] The Seven Thousand Cadres Conference took place in Beijing in 1962.