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[18] [note 1] Most notable among them was Gandhara civilization, which flourished at the crossroads of India, Central Asia, and the Middle East, connecting trade routes and absorbing cultural influences from diverse civilizations. [20] The initial early Vedic culture was a tribal, pastoral society centred in the Indus Valley, of what is today ...
Toggle Middle East and North Africa subsection. ... 10 Eastern Europe (Balkan Region) 11 Ural Region, Siberia ... Pakistan. Ghaznavids (1000–1186) Ghurids ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
Pakistan, [e] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, [f] is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, [g] having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre.
Pakistan is also not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan covertly developed nuclear weapons over decades, beginning in the late 1970s. Pakistan first delved into nuclear power after the establishment of its first nuclear power plant near Karachi with equipment and materials supplied mainly by western nations in the early ...
12 November: East Pakistan: The Bhola cyclone devastates East Pakistan and Eastern India, resulting in extreme loss of life. [ 106 ] 300,000 to 500,000 people are killed. 7 December: 1970 Pakistani general election were held on 7 December 1970, although the polls in East Pakistan, originally scheduled for October, were delayed by disastrous ...
Controversially, the East Pakistani Army did not interfere in the conflict and this caused anger in West Pakistan against East Pakistan. [100] The war with India was met with disfavor by the United States, which dismayed Pakistan by adopting a policy of denying military aid to both India and Pakistan. [101]
This was the first of the Crusades, a series of religious wars in Europe and the Middle East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. [31] [32] [33] The four Crusader states established after the First Crusade, as they were in 1135: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Principality of Antioch, and the County of Edessa