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In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 [Phylogenetics 1] is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. [ Phylogenetics 2 ] Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia , Central Asia , South Asia , Southern Europe , Northwestern Iran and North Africa .
However, J2 is found amongst 9% of the Kalash minority of north-west Pakistan. [6] In the Arabian peninsula, mtDNA haplogroup J is found among Saudis (10.5–18.8% J1b) and Yemenis (0–20% J1b). The J1b subclade also occurs in the Near East among Iraqis (7.1%) and Palestinians (4%). [7] In Africa, haplogroup J is concentrated in the northeast.
Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia. The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia. ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, [Phylogenetics 1] is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. [2] The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Haplogroup J-P209 was found to be more common in India's Shia Muslims, of which 28.7% belong to haplogroup J, with 13.7% in J-M410, 10.6% in J-M267 and 4.4% in J2b. [ 58 ] In Pakistan , the highest frequencies of J2-M172 were observed among the Parsis at 38.89%, the Dravidian -speaking Brahuis at 28.18% and the Makrani Balochs at 24%. [ 59 ]
(Data from studies conducted before 2004 may be inaccurate or a broad estimate, due to obsolete haplogroup naming systems – e.g. the former Haplogroup 2 included members of the relatively unrelated haplogroups known later as Haplogroup G and macrohaplogroup IJ [which comprises haplogroups I and J].)
Haplogroup R1b is the dominant haplogroup of Western Europe and is also found sparsely distributed among various peoples of Asia and Africa. Its subclade R1b1a2 (M269) is the haplogroup that is most commonly found among modern Western European populations, and has been associated with the Italo-Celtic and Germanic peoples.
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, [1] [2] and a haplogroup (haploid from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and English: group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation. [3]